14.36.39.47：建立内容为“{{protein | Name = wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 12774 | Symbol = WNT1 | AltSymbols = INT1 |…”的新页面

2021-07-21T18:26:50Z

建立内容为“{{protein | Name = wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 12774 | Symbol = WNT1 | AltSymbols = INT1 |…”的新页面

新页面

{{protein
| Name = wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 12774
| Symbol = WNT1
| AltSymbols = INT1
| EntrezGene = 7471
| OMIM = 164820
| RefSeq = NM_005430
| UniProt = P04628
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 12
| Arm = q
| Band = 13
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}
{{protein
| Name = wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 12780
| Symbol = WNT2
| AltSymbols = INT1L1
| EntrezGene = 7472
| OMIM = 147870
| RefSeq = NM_003391
| UniProt = P09544
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 7
| Arm = q
| Band = 31
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}
{{protein
| Name = wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 6
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid =
| Symbol = WNT6
| AltSymbols =
| EntrezGene = 7475
| OMIM = 604663
| RefSeq = NM_006522
| UniProt =
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 2
| Arm = q
| Band = 35
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}

'''''Wnt'''''[[信号传导|'''信号通路''']]是一个复杂的[[蛋白质]]作用网络，其功能最常见于[[胚胎发育]]和[[癌症]]，但也参与成年动物的正常[[生理]]过程。<ref name="Lie2005">D. C. Lie, S. A. Colamarino, H. J. Song, L. Desire, H. Mira, A. Consiglio, E. S. Lein, S. Jessberger, H. Lansford, A. R. Dearie and F. H. Gage (2005) "Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis" in ''Nature (journal)|Nature'' Volume 437, pages 1370-1375.{{Entrez Pubmed|16251967}}.</ref>

== 发现 ==

'''Wnt'''得名于'''Wg''' (wingless) 与'''Int'''.<ref name="Rijsewijk">F. Rijsewijk, M. Schuermann, E. Wagenaar, P. Parren, D. Weigel and R. Nusse (1987) "The Drosophila homolog of the mouse mammary oncogene int-1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless" in ''Cell'' Volume 50, pages 649-657.{{Entrez Pubmed|3111720}}.</ref> ''wingless'' [[基因]]最早在[[果蝇]]中被发现并作用于胚胎发育，<ref name="NVW1980">C. Nusslein-Volhard and E. Wieschaus (1980) "Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila" in ''Nature (journal)|Nature'' Volume 287, pages 795-801.{{Entrez Pubmed|6776413}}</ref> 以及成年动物的[[肢体]]形成<ref name="Wu2002">J. Wu and S. M Cohen (2002) "Repression of Teashirt marks the initiation of wing development" in ''Development'' Volume 129, pages 2411-2418.{{Entrez Pubmed|11973273}}.</ref> INT 基因最早在[[脊椎动物]]中发现，位于小鼠[[乳腺]][[肿瘤病毒]]（MMTV）整合[[位点]]附近。<ref name="Nusse1984">R. Nusse, A. van Ooyen, D. Cox, Y. K. Fung and H. Varmus (1984) "Mode of proviral activation of a putative mammary oncogene (int-1) on mouse chromosome 15" in ''Nature (journal)|Nature'' Volume 307, pages 131-136.{{Entrez Pubmed|6318122}}.</ref> Int-1 基因与 wingless 基因具有[[同源性]]。

果蝇中 ''wingless'' [[基因突变]]可导致无翅[[畸形]]，而小鼠[[乳腺肿瘤]]中MMTV复制并整合入[[基因组]]可导致一种或几种Wnt基因合成增加。

== 机制 ==

'''Wnt信号通路''' 包括许多可调控Wnt[[信号分子]]合成的蛋白质，它们与[[靶细胞]]上的[[受体]]相互作用，而靶细胞的生理反应则来源于[[细胞]]和胞外Wnt[[配体]]的相互作用。尽管反应的发生及强度因Wnt配体，细胞种类及机体自身而异，信号通路中某些成分，从[[线虫]]到人类都具有很高的同源性。蛋白质的同源性提示多种各异的Wnt配体来源于各种生物的共同祖先。

'''经典Wnt通路'''描述当Wnt[[蛋白]]与[[细胞表面]]Frizzled受体家族结合后的一系列反应，包括Dishevelled受体家族蛋白质的激活及最终[[细胞核]]内β-catenin水平的变化。 Dishevelled (DSH) 是[[细胞膜]]相关Wnt受体[[复合物]]的关键成分，它与Wnt结合后被激活，并抑制下游[[蛋白质复合物]]，包括axin、GSK-3、与APC蛋白。axin/GSK-3/APC [[复合体]]可促进细胞内信号分子β-catenin的降解。当“β-catenin 降解复合物”被抑制后，[[胞浆]]内的β-catenin得以稳定存在，部分 β-catenin进入细胞核与TCF/LEF[[转录因子]]家族作用并促进特定基因的表达。

== Wnt介导的细胞反应 ==

经典Wnt信号通路介导的重要细胞反应包括：
* 癌症发生。Wnts, APC, axin，与 TCFs表达水平的变化均与癌症发生相关。
* 体轴发育。在蟾蜍卵内注射Wnt抑制剂可导致双头畸形。
* 形态发生。

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.stanford.edu/~rnusse/wntwindow.html very detailed Wnt site from Nusse Lab, Stanford]
* [http://www.healthvalue.net/wntpathways.html Wnt pathways, their relationship, disease, and therapies by healthvalue.net] (site promoting biotechnology)
* [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?path:dme04310 '''Drosophila''' Wnt pathway from KEGG]
* [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?path:mmu04310 '''mouse''' Wnt pathway from KEGG]
* [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?path:hsa04310 '''human'''α Wnt pathway from KEGG]
* {{MeshName|Wnt+Proteins}}

== 参考文献 ==

{{reflist|2}}

{{信号转导}}
{{Wnt信号通路}}

[[Category:信号转导]] [[Category:基因]]
==参考来源==
*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wnt%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF 维基百科-Wnt信号通路]

Wnt信号通路 - 版本历史

14.36.39.47：建立内容为“{{protein | Name = wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 12774 | Symbol = WNT1 | AltSymbols = INT1 |…”的新页面