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PI3K通路 - 版本历史
2026-04-21T16:03:04Z
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2026年1月5日 (一) 05:08 223.160.139.227
2026-01-05T05:08:14Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2026年1月5日 (一) 05:08的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l25" >第25行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第25行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">核心激酶</th></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">核心激酶</th></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">PI3K (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>)</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">PI3K (\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta)</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l41" >第41行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第41行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">~124 kDa (p110<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>)</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">~124 kDa (p110\alpha)</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l55" >第55行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第55行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> PI3K 通路的作用机制在于将化学信号转化为细胞膜表面的物理支架，从而募集下游效应蛋白。</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> PI3K 通路的作用机制在于将化学信号转化为细胞膜表面的物理支架，从而募集下游效应蛋白。</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>催化阶梯：</strong> 激活的 RTK 或 GPCR 招募 I 类 PI3K 至胞膜，将 <strong>[[PIP2]]</strong> 磷酸化为 <strong>[[PIP3]]</strong>。PIP3 作为“港口”，通过 PH 结构域招募 <strong>[[AKT]]</strong> 和 <strong>[[PDK1]]</strong>。</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>催化阶梯：</strong> 激活的 RTK 或 GPCR 招募 I 类 PI3K 至胞膜，将 <strong>[[PIP2]]</strong> 磷酸化为 <strong>[[PIP3]]</strong>。PIP3 作为“港口”，通过 PH 结构域招募 <strong>[[AKT]]</strong> 和 <strong>[[PDK1]]</strong>。</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>AKT 轴心激活：</strong> PDK1 在 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>Thr308<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>位点磷酸化 AKT，而 <strong>[[mTORC2]]</strong> 在 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>Ser473<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>位点完成二次加固。活化的 AKT 随后灭活抑癌蛋白 TSC2，解除对 <strong>[[mTORC1]]</strong> 的抑制。</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>AKT 轴心激活：</strong> PDK1 在 Thr308 位点磷酸化 AKT，而 <strong>[[mTORC2]]</strong> 在 Ser473 位点完成二次加固。活化的 AKT 随后灭活抑癌蛋白 TSC2，解除对 <strong>[[mTORC1]]</strong> 的抑制。</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>PTEN 的拮抗制衡：</strong> 抑癌基因 <strong>[[PTEN]]</strong> 执行反向操作，将 PIP3 还原为 PIP2。2026 年临床数据确认，PTEN 缺失是导致该通路异常持续激活的最常见机制之一。</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>PTEN 的拮抗制衡：</strong> 抑癌基因 <strong>[[PTEN]]</strong> 执行反向操作，将 PIP3 还原为 PIP2。2026 年临床数据确认，PTEN 缺失是导致该通路异常持续激活的最常见机制之一。</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l70" >第70行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第71行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PI3K<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>(PIK3CA)</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PI3K\alpha (PIK3CA)</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">40% HR+ 乳腺癌患者携带突变（如 H1047R）。</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">40% HR+ 乳腺癌患者携带突变（如 H1047R）。</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>Alpelisib</strong>、Inavolisib、新型 PI3K<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>降解剂。</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>Alpelisib</strong>、Inavolisib、新型 PI3K\alpha 降解剂。</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PI3K<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\delta<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>(PIK3CD)</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PI3K\delta (PIK3CD)</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">特异性表达于造血系统，见于 B 细胞淋巴瘤。</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">特异性表达于造血系统，见于 B 细胞淋巴瘤。</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">Idelalisib、Duvelisib（注意自身免疫副作用）。</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">Idelalisib、Duvelisib（注意自身免疫副作用）。</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l89" >第89行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第90行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">治疗策略：代谢平衡与免疫赋能</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">治疗策略：代谢平衡与免疫赋能</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>高血糖管理：</strong> 2026 年临床共识强调，抑制 PI3K<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>会诱发显著的<strong>[[高血糖症]]</strong>（胰岛素脱敏）。建议联合 SGLT2 抑制剂或通过间歇性生酮饮食以维持药物暴露浓度并减轻毒性。</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>高血糖管理：</strong> 2026 年临床共识强调，抑制 PI3K\alpha 会诱发显著的<strong>[[高血糖症]]</strong>（胰岛素脱敏）。建议联合 SGLT2 抑制剂或通过间歇性生酮饮食以维持药物暴露浓度并减轻毒性。</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫细胞调节：</strong> 2026 年的研究显示，短暂抑制 PI3K<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\gamma<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>可重塑肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞表型（从 M2 转向 M1），增强 <strong>[[PD-1抑制剂]]</strong> 的疗效。</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫细胞调节：</strong> 2026 年的研究显示，短暂抑制 PI3K\gamma 可重塑肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞表型（从 M2 转向 M1），增强 <strong>[[PD-1抑制剂]]</strong> 的疗效。</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>细胞疗法优化：</strong> 针对 <strong>[[CAR-T细胞]]</strong>，通过体外扩增期间精确调节 PI3K 活性，可诱导 T 细胞进入类似干细胞的记忆状态（Tscm），显著提高其在体内的持久存活率。</li></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>细胞疗法优化：</strong> 针对 <strong>[[CAR-T细胞]]</strong>，通过体外扩增期间精确调节 PI3K 活性，可诱导 T 细胞进入类似干细胞的记忆状态（Tscm），显著提高其在体内的持久存活率。</li></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l97" >第97行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第98行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <h3 style="margin-top: 0; color: #0f172a; font-size: 1.15em; margin-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 2px solid #3b82f6; display: inline-block; padding-bottom: 5px;">关键相关概念</h3></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <h3 style="margin-top: 0; color: #0f172a; font-size: 1.15em; margin-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 2px solid #3b82f6; display: inline-block; padding-bottom: 5px;">关键相关概念</h3></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; font-size: 0.95em;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; font-size: 0.95em;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PIK3CA]]</strong>：编码 p110<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>的基因，是人类癌症中最常见的突变癌基因之一。</div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PIK3CA]]</strong>：编码 p110\alpha 的基因，是人类癌症中最常见的突变癌基因之一。</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PTEN]]</strong>：通路的核心“刹车”，其缺失会导致细胞发生类似于持续性生长因子刺激的反应。</div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PTEN]]</strong>：通路的核心“刹车”，其缺失会导致细胞发生类似于持续性生长因子刺激的反应。</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[mTORC1]]</strong>：下游关键复合物，负责整合氨基酸、氧气和 PI3K 信号以调节蛋白质合成。</div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[mTORC1]]</strong>：下游关键复合物，负责整合氨基酸、氧气和 PI3K 信号以调节蛋白质合成。</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l124" >第124行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第125行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [4] <strong>André F, et al. (2019).</strong> <em>Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer (SOLAR-1).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2019;380(20):1929-1940.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [4] <strong>André F, et al. (2019).</strong> <em>Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer (SOLAR-1).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2019;380(20):1929-1940.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：临床转化里程碑。证实了 PI3K<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$</del>\alpha<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">$ </del>选择性抑制剂在精准治疗乳腺癌中的有效性，标志着该通路正式进入个体化诊疗阶段。</span></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：临床转化里程碑。证实了 PI3K\alpha 选择性抑制剂在精准治疗乳腺癌中的有效性，标志着该通路正式进入个体化诊疗阶段。</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></div></td></tr>
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223.160.139.227
https://www.yiliao.com/index.php?title=PI3K%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF&diff=312960&oldid=prev
223.160.139.227：建立内容为“<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff…”的新页面
2026-01-05T05:06:20Z
<p>建立内容为“<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff…”的新页面</p>
<p><b>新页面</b></p><div><div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; max-width: 1200px; margin: auto;"><br />
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<strong>PI3K 信号通路</strong>（<strong>PI3K Signaling Pathway</strong>）是真核细胞内调节生长、代谢、存活及血管生成的关键分子轴，常与 <strong>[[AKT]]</strong> 和 <strong>[[mTOR]]</strong> 共同构成 <strong>PI3K/AKT/mTOR</strong> 通路。该通路通过将细胞膜组分 <strong>[[PIP2]]</strong> 转化为 <strong>[[PIP3]]</strong>，充当细胞内外环境感应的“中央能量调度中心”。在 2026 年的肿瘤精准治疗中，针对 <strong>[[PIK3CA]]</strong> 突变的选择性抑制剂及新型 <strong>[[PI3K降解剂]]</strong> 已显著改善了 HR+ 乳腺癌、B 细胞淋巴瘤及多种实体瘤的预后，同时该通路的调节在增强 <strong>[[细胞疗法]]</strong> 效力及克服免疫耗竭方面展现了巨大潜力。<br />
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<div style="padding: 15px; color: #1e40af; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #bae6fd 100%); text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"><br />
<div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">PI3K 通路</div><br />
<div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px;">Pathway: PI3K-AKT-mTOR · 点击展开详情</div><br />
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<div style="padding: 25px; text-align: center; background-color: #f8fafc;"><br />
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<div style="width: 140px; height: 90px; background-color: #f1f5f9; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.8em;">Lipid Kinase Icon</div><br />
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<div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">脂质激酶信号中枢</div><br />
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<table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.85em;"><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">核心激酶</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">PI3K ($\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta$)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">催化亚基</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">p110 (encoded by PIK3CA/B/G/D)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">负调节因子</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #b91c1c;"><strong>PTEN</strong> (Phosphatase)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">核心第二信使</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">PIP3</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">~124 kDa (p110$\alpha$)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">下游节点</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 12px;">AKT, PDK1, mTORC1</td><br />
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<h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：脂质信使的层级活化</h2><br />
<p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"><br />
PI3K 通路的作用机制在于将化学信号转化为细胞膜表面的物理支架，从而募集下游效应蛋白。<br />
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<ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;"><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>催化阶梯：</strong> 激活的 RTK 或 GPCR 招募 I 类 PI3K 至胞膜，将 <strong>[[PIP2]]</strong> 磷酸化为 <strong>[[PIP3]]</strong>。PIP3 作为“港口”，通过 PH 结构域招募 <strong>[[AKT]]</strong> 和 <strong>[[PDK1]]</strong>。</li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>AKT 轴心激活：</strong> PDK1 在 $Thr308$ 位点磷酸化 AKT，而 <strong>[[mTORC2]]</strong> 在 $Ser473$ 位点完成二次加固。活化的 AKT 随后灭活抑癌蛋白 TSC2，解除对 <strong>[[mTORC1]]</strong> 的抑制。</li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>PTEN 的拮抗制衡：</strong> 抑癌基因 <strong>[[PTEN]]</strong> 执行反向操作，将 PIP3 还原为 PIP2。2026 年临床数据确认，PTEN 缺失是导致该通路异常持续激活的最常见机制之一。</li><br />
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<h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">临床图谱：PI3K 亚型与 2026 年靶向矩阵</h2><br />
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<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">主要亚型/突变</th><br />
<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">相关肿瘤特征</th><br />
<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">2026 年代表性药物</th><br />
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<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PI3K$\alpha$ (PIK3CA)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">40% HR+ 乳腺癌患者携带突变（如 H1047R）。</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>Alpelisib</strong>、Inavolisib、新型 PI3K$\alpha$ 降解剂。</td><br />
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<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PI3K$\delta$ (PIK3CD)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">特异性表达于造血系统，见于 B 细胞淋巴瘤。</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">Idelalisib、Duvelisib（注意自身免疫副作用）。</td><br />
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<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">PTEN 缺失/突变</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">胶质母细胞瘤、前列腺癌中的核心驱动事件。</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">AKT 抑制剂（Capivasertib）与内分泌方案联用。</td><br />
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<h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">治疗策略：代谢平衡与免疫赋能</h2><br />
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<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>高血糖管理：</strong> 2026 年临床共识强调，抑制 PI3K$\alpha$ 会诱发显著的<strong>[[高血糖症]]</strong>（胰岛素脱敏）。建议联合 SGLT2 抑制剂或通过间歇性生酮饮食以维持药物暴露浓度并减轻毒性。</li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫细胞调节：</strong> 2026 年的研究显示，短暂抑制 PI3K$\gamma$ 可重塑肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞表型（从 M2 转向 M1），增强 <strong>[[PD-1抑制剂]]</strong> 的疗效。</li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>细胞疗法优化：</strong> 针对 <strong>[[CAR-T细胞]]</strong>，通过体外扩增期间精确调节 PI3K 活性，可诱导 T 细胞进入类似干细胞的记忆状态（Tscm），显著提高其在体内的持久存活率。</li><br />
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<h3 style="margin-top: 0; color: #0f172a; font-size: 1.15em; margin-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 2px solid #3b82f6; display: inline-block; padding-bottom: 5px;">关键相关概念</h3><br />
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<div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PIK3CA]]</strong>：编码 p110$\alpha$ 的基因，是人类癌症中最常见的突变癌基因之一。</div><br />
<div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PTEN]]</strong>：通路的核心“刹车”，其缺失会导致细胞发生类似于持续性生长因子刺激的反应。</div><br />
<div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[mTORC1]]</strong>：下游关键复合物，负责整合氨基酸、氧气和 PI3K 信号以调节蛋白质合成。</div><br />
<div style="color: #334155;"><strong style="color: #1e40af;">[[PROTAC 降解剂]]</strong>：2026 年前沿技术，通过降解整个 PI3K 蛋白而非仅抑制激酶活性，旨在彻底解决支架功能介导的耐药。</div><br />
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<span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span><br />
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[1] <strong>Cantley LC. (2002).</strong> <em>The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway.</em> <strong>[[Science]]</strong>. 2002;296(5573):1655-1657.<br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：基石文献。该研究奠定了现代对 PI3K 作为脂质激酶在信号转导中桥梁作用的科学框架。</span><br />
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[2] <strong>Fruman DA, et al. (2017).</strong> <em>The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease.</em> <strong>[[Cell]]</strong>. 2017;170(4):605-635.<br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：系统综述。详细阐述了 PI3K 亚型在免疫系统和肿瘤代谢中的分化功能，是亚型选择性抑制剂开发的理论指南。</span><br />
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[3] <strong>Vanhaesebroeck B, et al. (2025/2026 update).</strong> <em>PI3K inhibitors in cancer: 2026 updates on resistance and combination strategies.</em> <strong>[[Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology]]</strong>. 2025;22(2):85-104.<br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026 年最新共识。评价了从泛 PI3K 抑制向突变特异性降解（PROTAC）转化的临床必要性，解决了传统 TKI 药物的代谢毒性瓶颈。</span><br />
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<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"><br />
[4] <strong>André F, et al. (2019).</strong> <em>Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer (SOLAR-1).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2019;380(20):1929-1940.<br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：临床转化里程碑。证实了 PI3K$\alpha$ 选择性抑制剂在精准治疗乳腺癌中的有效性，标志着该通路正式进入个体化诊疗阶段。</span><br />
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PI3K 信号通路 · 知识图谱导航<br />
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<td style="width: 100px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">核心分子</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155; text-align: left;">[[PIK3CA]] • [[AKT]] • [[mTORC1]] • [[PTEN]] • [[PIP3]] • [[PDK1]]</td><br />
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<td style="width: 100px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">致病病理</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155; text-align: left;">[[HR+乳腺癌]] • [[B细胞淋巴瘤]] • [[胶质母细胞瘤]] • [[前列腺癌]] • [[胰岛素耐受]]</td><br />
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<td style="width: 100px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">生物学过程</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155; text-align: left;">[[细胞增殖]] • [[葡萄糖转运]] • [[血管生成]] • [[T细胞分化]] • [[翻译起始]]</td><br />
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<td style="width: 100px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">临床干预</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155; text-align: left;">[[Alpelisib]] • [[Capivasertib]] • [[PROTAC技术]] • [[CAR-T优化]] • [[生酮饮食辅助]]</td><br />
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