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KIT - 版本历史
2026-04-21T09:46:33Z
本wiki的该页面的版本历史
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https://www.yiliao.com/index.php?title=KIT&diff=315395&oldid=prev
2026年1月22日 (四) 12:38 77921020
2026-01-22T12:38:39Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2026年1月22日 (四) 12:38的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17" >第17行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第17行：</td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [Image:KIT_receptor_structure_activation.png|100px|KIT 受体结构与激活机制]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>[Image:KIT_receptor_structure_activation.png|100px|KIT 受体结构与激活机制<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">GIST 驱动基因 / RTK 家族</div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">GIST 驱动基因 / RTK 家族</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l86" >第86行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第86行：</td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </ul></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </ul></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [Image:KIT_signaling_pathway_GIST.png|100px|KIT 下游信号通路与突变效应]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[</ins>[Image:KIT_signaling_pathway_GIST.png|100px|KIT 下游信号通路与突变效应<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <h2 style="background: #fff1f2; color: #9f1239; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #9f1239; font-weight: bold;">临床警示：突变位点决定生死</h2></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <h2 style="background: #fff1f2; color: #9f1239; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #9f1239; font-weight: bold;">临床警示：突变位点决定生死</h2></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l156" >第156行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第156行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [2] <strong>Joensuu H, Roberts PJ, Sarlomo-Rikala M, et al. (2001).</strong> <em>Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2001;344(14):1052-1056.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [2] <strong>Joensuu H, Roberts PJ, Sarlomo-Rikala M, et al. (2001).</strong> <em>Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2001;344(14):1052-1056.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：临床奇迹。报道了首例接受伊马替尼治疗的 GIST 患者，肿瘤迅速消退，开启了实体瘤靶向治疗的新时代。</span></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：临床奇迹。报道了首例接受伊马替尼治疗的 GIST 患者，肿瘤迅速消退，开启了实体瘤靶向治疗的新时代。</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </p></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> [3] <strong>Blay JY, Serrano C, Heinrich MC, et al. (2020).</strong> <em>Ripretinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours (INVICTUS): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.</em> <strong>[[The Lancet Oncology]]</strong>. 2020;21(7):923-934.<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：开关控制机制。验证了新型开关控制抑制剂瑞派替尼在四线治疗中的显著疗效，为多重耐药患者提供了新的生存希望。</span></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </p></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </p></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3</del>] <strong>Gotlib J, Kluin-Nelemans HC, George TI, et al. (2016).</strong> <em>Efficacy and Safety of Midostaurin in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2016;374(26):2530-2541.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> [<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</ins>] <strong>Gotlib J, Kluin-Nelemans HC, George TI, et al. (2016).</strong> <em>Efficacy and Safety of Midostaurin in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>. 2016;374(26):2530-2541.<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：攻克 D816V。证实了多激酶抑制剂 Midostaurin 对伴有 KIT D816V 突变的晚期肥大细胞增多症有效，填补了该领域的治疗空白。</span></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：攻克 D816V。证实了多激酶抑制剂 Midostaurin 对伴有 KIT D816V 突变的晚期肥大细胞增多症有效，填补了该领域的治疗空白。</span></div></td></tr>
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2026年1月22日 (四) 12:35 77921020
2026-01-22T12:35:25Z
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2025年12月31日 (三) 00:40 77921020
2025-12-31T00:40:26Z
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77921020：建立内容为“<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff…”的新页面
2025-12-29T10:04:03Z
<p>建立内容为“<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff…”的新页面</p>
<p><b>新页面</b></p><div><div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; max-width: 1200px; margin: auto;"><br />
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<strong>KIT</strong>（又称 <strong>c-KIT</strong> 或 <strong>CD117</strong>）是由人类 4 号染色体上的 <em>KIT</em> 基因编码的一种 III 型<strong>[[酪氨酸激酶受体]]</strong>（RTK）。它的天然配体是<strong>[[干细胞因子]]</strong>（SCF）。<br />
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在正常生理下，KIT 是<strong>[[造血干细胞]]</strong>（HSCs）、黑色素细胞和卡哈尔间质细胞（ICC，肠道起搏细胞）发育和存活的关键依赖因子。在病理状态下，KIT 的功能获得性突变是驱动<strong>[[胃肠道间质瘤]]</strong>（GIST）和系统性肥大细胞增多症的核心原因。针对 KIT 的靶向药物<strong>[[伊马替尼]]</strong>（Imatinib）的成功，被誉为实体瘤精准治疗的开端。<br />
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<div style="font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px; text-decoration: none;">KIT · CD117</div><br />
<div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 3px; white-space: nowrap;">Stem Cell Factor Receptor (点击展开)</div><br />
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核心身份：造血干细胞标记<br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc; width: 40%;">基因位置</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">染色体 4q12</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">受体类型</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;">RTK (Type III, split kinase)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">关键配体</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;"><strong>[[SCF]]</strong> (Stem Cell Factor)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 10px 15px; color: #475569; background-color: #f8fafc;">主要药物</th><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #1e40af; font-weight: 600;">[[伊马替尼]], [[舒尼替尼]]</td><br />
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<div style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">干细胞的“生命线”</div><br />
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KIT 的结构包含胞外的 5 个 Ig 样结构域和胞内的分裂型激酶结构域。当二聚体的 <strong>[[SCF]]</strong> 结合到 KIT 上时，诱导受体<strong>[[二聚化]]</strong>和<strong>[[自磷酸化]]</strong>，激活 PI3K/AKT、RAS/MAPK 和 JAK/STAT 通路。这一信号在三个特定的细胞系中至关重要：<br />
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<strong>造血系统：</strong> <br />
CD117 是造血干/祖细胞（HSPCs）的标志性表面抗原。SCF/KIT 信号维持干细胞的自我更新，并防止其凋亡。<br />
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<strong>色素系统：</strong> <br />
黑色素细胞的迁移和存活高度依赖 KIT。<em>KIT</em> 基因的功能缺失突变会导致<strong>斑驳病</strong>（Piebaldism），表现为前额白斑（额部白发）。<br />
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<strong>胃肠动力系统：</strong> <br />
卡哈尔间质细胞（ICC）是肠道的起搏器，负责产生蠕动波。ICC 的发育完全依赖 KIT 信号，这也是 GIST 起源于 ICC 的原因。<br />
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<div style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">GIST 的核心驱动力：突变即命运</div><br />
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约 85%-90% 的胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）由 <em>KIT</em> 基因的突变驱动。突变使得激酶在没有 SCF 配体的情况下也能持续“点火”。突变发生的具体位置决定了药物的疗效：<br />
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<th style="padding: 12px 0; text-align: left; color: #475569; width: 22%; font-weight: bold;">突变区域</th><br />
<th style="padding: 12px 0; text-align: left; color: #475569; font-weight: bold;">临床意义与药物敏感性</th><br />
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<td style="padding: 16px 0; vertical-align: top; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold;">外显子 11<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(Exon 11)</span></td><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>• 频率：</strong>最常见 (~70%)，位于近膜结构域。</div><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>• 机制：</strong>破坏了激酶的“自抑制”功能。</div><br />
<div><strong>• 疗效：</strong>对<strong>[[伊马替尼]]</strong>高度敏感，预后最好。</div><br />
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<td style="padding: 16px 0; vertical-align: top; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold;">外显子 9<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(Exon 9)</span></td><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>• 频率：</strong>约 10-15%，位于胞外二聚化结构域。</div><br />
<div><strong>• 疗效：</strong>对标准剂量伊马替尼反应较差，通常需要<strong>加倍剂量</strong> (800mg/day) 或使用二线药物。</div><br />
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<td style="padding: 16px 0; vertical-align: top; color: #ef4444; font-weight: bold;">外显子 17<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(D816V)</span></td><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>• 频率：</strong>常见于<strong>[[肥大细胞增多症]]</strong>及耐药 GIST。</div><br />
<div><strong>• 机制：</strong>活化环（Activation loop）突变，改变了激酶构象，导致伊马替尼无法结合（原发性耐药）。</div><br />
<div><strong>• 对策：</strong>需使用新型抑制剂如 <strong>Avapritinib</strong> (阿伐替尼)。</div><br />
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<div style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">攻克 D816V：从 I 型到 II 型抑制剂</div><br />
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针对 KIT 的药物研发经历了从“广谱打击”到“精准突变打击”的过程。<br />
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<strong>II 型抑制剂 (如伊马替尼、舒尼替尼)：</strong> <br />
它们只能结合 KIT 的“非活性构象”（DFG-out）。因此，如果突变导致 KIT 锁死在“活性构象”（如 D816V 突变），这类药物就会失效。<br />
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<strong>I 型抑制剂 (如 Avapritinib)：</strong> <br />
新一代药物。它们能结合 KIT 的“活性构象”（DFG-in），因此能够有效抑制 D816V 等难治性突变，现已获批用于系统性肥大细胞增多症和 PDGFRA D842V 突变的 GIST。<br />
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<span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 5px;">关键文献</span><br />
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[1] <strong>Hirota S, et al. (1998).</strong> <em>Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors.</em> <strong>Science</strong>. <br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[发现致病机理]：首次发现 GIST 是由 c-kit 功能获得性突变引起的，将其从平滑肌肉瘤中区分出来。</span><br />
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[2] <strong>Demetri G D, et al. (2002).</strong> <em>Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors.</em> <strong>NEJM</strong>. <br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[临床突破]：证实了伊马替尼治疗晚期 GIST 的惊人疗效，确立了靶向治疗在实体瘤中的地位。</span><br />
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<div style="background-color: #0f172a; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding: 10px; letter-spacing: 1px;">KIT · 知识图谱关联</div><br />
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[[GIST]] • [[SCF]] • [[伊马替尼]] • [[造血干细胞]] • [[酪氨酸激酶受体]] • [[D816V]] • [[黑色素瘤]]<br />
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