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FUT2 - 版本历史
2026-04-19T05:47:14Z
本wiki的该页面的版本历史
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https://www.yiliao.com/index.php?title=FUT2&diff=316564&oldid=prev
2026年2月7日 (六) 10:18 120.244.141.225
2026-02-07T10:18:45Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">2026年2月7日 (六) 10:18的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l23" >第23行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第23行：</td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th colspan="2" style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #e0f2fe; color: #1e40af; text-align: left; font-size: 0.9em; border-top: 1px solid #bae6fd;"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">基因档案</del></th></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th colspan="2" style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #e0f2fe; color: #1e40af; text-align: left; font-size: 0.9em; border-top: 1px solid #bae6fd;"><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">生化档案</ins></th></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">染色体定位</th></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">染色体定位</th></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">19q13.33</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">19q13.33</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </tr></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <tr></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">氨基酸数</th></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">343 aa</td></ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <tr></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">~ 39 kDa</td></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l36" >第36行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第44行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键产物</th></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键产物</th></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">H 抗原 (Type 1链)</td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">H 抗原 (Type 1链)</td></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </tr></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <tr></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">协同基因</th></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;"><em>[[FUT3]]</em> (Lewis)</td></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l54" >第54行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第58行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">肠道菌群</del></th></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;"><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">协同基因</ins></th></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;"><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">影响双歧杆菌定植</del></td></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;"><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em>[[FUT3]]</em> (Lewis)</ins></td></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <tr></div></td></tr>
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120.244.141.225
https://www.yiliao.com/index.php?title=FUT2&diff=316562&oldid=prev
120.244.141.225：建立内容为“<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff…”的新页面
2026-02-07T09:54:26Z
<p>建立内容为“<div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff…”的新页面</p>
<p><b>新页面</b></p><div><div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; max-width: 1200px; margin: auto;"><br />
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<strong>FUT2</strong>（Fucosyltransferase 2，岩藻糖基转移酶2），又称为 <strong>分泌型基因</strong>（Secretor Gene, <em>Se</em>），是决定人体是否为“分泌型”的关键基因。<br />
<br>它编码一种 α-1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶，主要在唾液腺、胃肠道黏膜等上皮细胞中表达。其功能是在前体糖链上添加一个<strong>[[岩藻糖]]</strong>，形成 <strong>[[H抗原]]</strong>。这不仅是合成 <strong>[[ABO血型]]</strong> 抗原和 <strong>[[Lewis抗原]]</strong>（Le<sup>b</sup>）的基础，更充当了多种病原体（如<strong>[[诺如病毒]]</strong>、<strong>[[幽门螺杆菌]]</strong>）侵入人体的“锚点”。约 20% 的人群为 <em>FUT2</em> 功能缺失突变（即<strong>非分泌型</strong>，sese），虽然他们无法在体液中分泌血型物质，但却获得了对诺如病毒的天然免疫力。<br />
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<div style="padding: 15px; color: #1e40af; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #bae6fd 100%); text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"><br />
<div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">FUT2</div><br />
<div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Secretor Gene (Se) (点击展开)</div><br />
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<div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">黏膜免疫与病原体受体</div><br />
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<th colspan="2" style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #e0f2fe; color: #1e40af; text-align: left; font-size: 0.9em; border-top: 1px solid #bae6fd;">基因档案</th><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">染色体定位</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">19q13.33</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">酶功能</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">α-1,2-岩藻糖转移</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键产物</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">H 抗原 (Type 1链)</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">协同基因</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;"><em>[[FUT3]]</em> (Lewis)</td><br />
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<th colspan="2" style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #e0f2fe; color: #1e40af; text-align: left; font-size: 0.9em; border-top: 1px solid #bae6fd;">表型影响</th><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分泌型 (Se)</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #16a34a;">唾液含血型物质, 易感诺如</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">非分泌型 (se)</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #e11d48;">唾液无抗原, <strong>抵抗诺如</strong></td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">肠道菌群</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">影响双歧杆菌定植</td><br />
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<th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #475569;">相关疾病</th><br />
<td style="padding: 6px 12px; color: #1e40af;">[[克罗恩病]], 1型糖尿病</td><br />
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<h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分泌型 vs 非分泌型：进化的博弈</h2><br />
<p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"><br />
<em>FUT2</em> 基因存在著名的“平衡多态性”（Balanced Polymorphism）。这实际上是人类与病原体长期博弈的结果。<br />
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<ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; color: #334155;"><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>分泌型 (SeSe / Sese)：</strong> 约 80% 的人群。他们的黏膜上皮细胞能合成 H 抗原，并进一步合成 ABO 和 Lewis b 抗原。这有助于构建健康的肠道<strong>[[微生物组]]</strong>（双歧杆菌以这些糖链为食），但同时也为<strong>[[诺如病毒]]</strong>和<strong>[[轮状病毒]]</strong>提供了结合受体，使其更易感染。</li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>非分泌型 (sese)：</strong> 约 20% 的人群（G428A 纯合突变）。他们的黏膜缺乏 H 抗原，这赋予了他们对大多数诺如病毒毒株的<strong>天然免疫力</strong>。</li><br />
<li style="margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>代价：</strong> 虽然非分泌型躲过了诺如病毒，但他们患<strong>[[克罗恩病]]</strong>（Crohn's Disease）、[[1型糖尿病]]及阴道念珠菌感染的风险似乎更高，且血清 [[维生素B12]] 水平通常较低。</li><br />
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<h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">与 FUT3 的“乐高游戏”</h2><br />
<p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"><br />
人体分泌液中 Lewis 抗原的类型，完全取决于 <em>FUT2</em> 和 <em>[[FUT3]]</em> 的排列组合。<br />
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<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1.2px solid #cbd5e1; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: left;"><br />
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<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">FUT2 (Se)</th><br />
<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af; width: 25%;">FUT3 (Le)</th><br />
<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569; width: 20%;">红细胞表型</th><br />
<th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569; width: 30%;">特征</th><br />
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<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">分泌型 (Se)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">阳性 (Le)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>Le(a-b+)</strong></td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">H 抗原被转为 Le<sup>b</sup>。易感 H. pylori。</td><br />
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<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">非分泌型 (se)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">阳性 (Le)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>Le(a+b-)</strong></td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">无 H 抗原，无法合成 Le<sup>b</sup>，停留在 Le<sup>a</sup>。</td><br />
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<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">任意</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">阴性 (le)</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>Le(a-b-)</strong></td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[CA19-9]] 阴性。</td><br />
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<span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">关键相关概念 [Key Concepts]</span><br />
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<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"><br />
<strong>1. H Antigen (H抗原)：</strong> 由 FUT2（在分泌液）或 FUT1（在红细胞）合成。它是 ABO 血型抗原的底物。O型血的人仅有 H 抗原。非分泌型（sese）的人唾液中没有 H 抗原，因此也无法检测到 A 或 B 抗原，即使他们血型是 A 或 B。<br />
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<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"><br />
<strong>2. Norovirus Resistance (诺如病毒抵抗)：</strong> 诺如病毒（特别是 GII.4 基因型）通过识别肠上皮表面的 HBGA（组织血型抗原）进入细胞。FUT2 突变导致 HBGA 缺失，病毒找不到“门把手”，无法感染。<br />
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<strong>3. Microbiome Symbiosis (菌群共生)：</strong> 肠道黏液层的黏蛋白富含岩藻糖。FUT2 基因型决定了这些糖链的结构，从而“筛选”了定植的菌群。分泌型个体的肠道中，以岩藻糖为食的有益菌（如[[双歧杆菌]]）丰度更高。<br />
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<div style="font-size: 0.92em; line-height: 1.6; color: #1e293b; margin-top: 20px; border-top: 2px solid #0f172a; padding: 15px 25px; background-color: #ffffff;"><br />
<span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献 [Academic Review]</span><br />
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<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"><br />
[1] <strong>Lindesmith L, et al. (2003).</strong> <em>Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection.</em> <strong>[[Nat Med]]</strong>. <br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：里程碑研究。首次证实了 FUT2 基因缺失（非分泌型）赋予了人类对诺如病毒的完全抵抗力。</span><br />
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<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"><br />
[2] <strong>Kelly RJ, et al. (1995).</strong> <em>Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2).</em> <strong>[[J Biol Chem]]</strong>. <br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：成功克隆并鉴定了 FUT2 基因，揭开了“分泌型”血型的分子遗传学谜底。</span><br />
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<p style="margin: 12px 0;"><br />
[3] <strong>Rausch P, et al. (2011).</strong> <em>Colonic mucosa-associated microbiota is influenced by an interaction of Crohn disease and FUT2 (Secretor) genotype.</em> <strong>[[PNAS]]</strong>. <br><br />
<span style="color: #475569;">[点评]：揭示了宿主基因（FUT2）、肠道菌群与自身免疫病（克罗恩病）之间复杂的三角关系。</span><br />
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<div style="background-color: #eff6ff; color: #1e40af; padding: 8px 15px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbeafe;"><br />
免疫遗传 · 知识图谱<br />
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<td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">上级分类</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[糖基转移酶]] • 组织血型</td><br />
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<td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">互作基因</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[FUT3]] (Lewis) • FUT1 (孟买型) • ABO</td><br />
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<td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">病原体</td><br />
<td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[诺如病毒]] • [[幽门螺杆菌]] • 轮状病毒</td><br />
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